Common and chemical names by Dr. Gaurav Garg
An anion may be defined as an atom or molecule that is negatively charged. A cation may be defined as an
atom or molecule that is positively charged.
Chemical Name: Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate)
Common Name: Baking soda, It is also known as bread soda, cooking soda.
Chemical Formula: NaHCO 3 (Na + and HCO 3
- )
Chemical Name: Sodium Carbonate
Common Name: washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals.
Formula: Na 2 CO 3 (2Na + and CO 3
2- )
Chemical Name: Sodium hypochlorite
Common Name: Bleach or Liquid bleach
Chemical Formula: NaOCl or NaClO
Uses: Bleaching, Cleaning, Disinfection, Deodorizing.
Chemical Name: Sodium perborate
Chemical Formula: NaH 2 BO 4 or Na 2 H 4 B 2 O 8
Its name is sometimes abbreviated as PBS.
This salt is widely used in laundry detergents, as one of the peroxide-based bleaches.
It is a less aggressive bleach than sodium hypochlorite and other chlorine-based bleaches, causing less degradation to dyes
and textiles.
Chemical Name: Calcium hypochlorite
Common Name: Bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorinated lime.
Chemical Formula : Ca(OCl 2 )
Calcium hypochlorite is commonly used to sanitize public swimming pools and disinfect
drinking water.
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, are the inorganic compounds with the chemical formula
CuSO 4 •x(H 2 O), where x can range from 0 to 5. The pentahydrate (x = 5) is the most common form.
Chemical Name: Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O)
Common Name: Blue vitriol
Crystals of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O ( see figure )
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is used as a fungicide.
Chemical Name: Sodium Borate, Sodium Tetraborate, Or Disodium Tetraborate
IUPAC name -Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Common Name: Borax
Formula - Na 2 H 4 B 4 O 9 •nH 2 O
The most commonly encountered one is the octahydrate Na 2 H 4 B 4 O 9 •8H 2 O
Or decahydrate - Na 2 B 4 O 7 •10H 2 O (borax)
It is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water.
Uses: Borax is a component of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes.
It is used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry, as a fire retardant, as an antifungal compound, in
the manufacture of fiberglass, as a flux in metallurgy, and neutron-capture shields for radioactive sources.
Common Name: Brimstone
Sulphur is also called brimstone.
Sulfur is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16.
Sulfur is the tenth most common element by mass in the universe, and the fifth most common on
Earth.
Historically and in literature sulfur is also called brimstone which means "burning stone".
Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing
contaminants from natural gas and petroleum.
Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature.
Chemical Name: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
Common Name: Aspirin
Formula: C 9 H 8 O 4
It is a medication used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation.
Chemical Name: Sodium hydroxide
Common Name: lye, caustic soda, White caustic
Chemical formula: NaOH (Na + and OH - )
Uses: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a
drain cleaner.
Chemical Name: Carbon dioxide
Common Name : Dry Ice (solid form)
Formula : CO 2
The frozen solid form of CO 2 , known as dry ice is used as a refrigerant and as an abrasive in
dry-ice blasting.
Chemical Name: Ferrous Sulfate
IUPAC name: Iron(II) sulfate
Common Name: Green vitriol, Iron vitriol, Copperas, Melanterite.
Chemical formula : FeSO 4 (Fe +2 and SO 4
2- )
It denotes a range of salts with the formula FeSO 4 ·xH 2 O. These compounds exist most commonly
as the heptahydrate (x = 7) but are known for several values of x.
Known since ancient times as copperas and as green vitriol (vitriol is an archaic name for sulfate),
the blue-green heptahydrate (hydrate with 7 molecules of water) is the most common form of this
material.
Chemical Name: Zinc Sulphate
Formula: ZnSO 4
The most common form includes water of crystallization as the heptahydrate, with the formula ZnSO 4 •7H 2 O. It was
historically known as "white vitriol".
Zinc sulfate and its hydrates are colourless solids.
Uses : In medicine it is used together with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and an astringent.
The hydrates, especially the heptahydrate, are the primary forms used commercially. The
main application is as a coagulant in the production of rayon.
It is used to supply zinc in animal feeds, fertilizers, toothpaste, and agricultural sprays.
Chemical Name: Sulphuric Acid
Common Name: Oil of vitriol, Battery acid
Formula: H 2 SO 4
It is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen.
It is a colourless, odourless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly
exothermic.
Strong acids - H 2 SO 4 (Sulphuric acid), HNO 3 (Nitric acid), HCl (Hydrochloric acid), etc.
Chemical Name: Calcium oxide
Common Name: quicklime or burnt lime.
Formula: CaO (Ca +2 and O 2- )
Chemical Name: Calcium carbonate
Common Name: calcite; aragonite; chalk; Limestone; marble; oyster; pearl, Egg Shell
Formula: CaCO 3 (Ca 2+ and CO 3
2- )
The main use of calcium carbonate is in the construction industry, either as a building material, or limestone aggregate for
road building, as an ingredient of cement.
Chemical Name: Carbonyl dichloride, Carbonyl chloride
Common Name: Phosgene (Poisonous gas)
Formula: COCl 2
Phosgene is a valued industrial building block, especially for the production of urethanes and polycarbonate plastics.
Chemical Name: Calcium sulfate
Formula: It is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO 4 and related hydrates.
Common Name: Plaster of Paris, Gypsum
Hydration states
CaSO 4 ·
1 ⁄ 2 H 2 O (bassanite): hemihydrate, also known as plaster of Paris.
Specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: α-hemihydrate and β-hemihydrate.
CaSO 4 · 2 H 2 O (gypsum and selenite (mineral)): dihydrate
Chemical Name: Methane
Formula: CH 4
It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas.
Common Name: Marsh gas, Natural gas.
Methane has also been detected on other planets, including Mars, which has implications for astrobiology research.
Uses :
Methane is used in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as a refrigerated liquid (liquefied natural gas, or
LNG). Biogas is composed mostly of methane.
Methane is used as a fuel for ovens, homes, water heaters, kilns, automobiles, turbines, and other things.
Chemical Name: Sodium chloride
Formula: NaCl (Na + and Cl - )
Common Name: Common salt, halite, rock salt, table salt.
A second major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
Chemical Name: Ammonium iron (II) sulfate (IUPAC name)
Other Names: Ferrous ammonium sulfate, Ammonium iron sulfate
Common Name: Mohr's salt.
Formula: (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 6
Chemical Name: Magnesium sulfate
Formula: MgSO 4
Magnesium sulfate is usually encountered in the form of a hydrate MgSO 4 ·nH 2 O, for various values of n between 1 and 11
The most common is the heptahydrate MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, known as Epsom salt, which is a household chemical with many
traditional uses, including bath salts.
Chemical Name: Hydrochloric acid
IUPAC name: Chlorane
Common Name: Muriatic Acid, Spirits of salt
Formula: HCl
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