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Important Monuments Part 2



 Important Monuments Part 2 by Dr. Gaurav Garg

Dindigul Fort, Tamil Nadu

● The Dindigul Fort was built in the 16th-century by the Madurai Nayakar Dynasty

situated in the town of Dindigul in Tamil Nadu.

● The fort was built by the Madurai Nayakar king Muthu Krishnappa Nayakar in

1605 .

Fort St. George, Chennai

● Fort St George (or historically, White Town ) is the first English fortress in India,

founded in 1644 at the coastal city of Madras, the modern city of Chennai.

● The construction of the fort provided the impetus for further settlements and

trading activity, in what was originally an uninhabited land.

● The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official

buildings.

Thirumayam Fort, Tamil Nadu

● The Thirumayam Fort is a 40-acre wide fortress in the town of Thirumayam in

Pudukkottai District , Tamil Nadu.

● It was constructed by Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi of Ramnad Kingdom (also

known as "Maravar Kingdom“) in 1687.

● The fort has been extensively renovated by the Archaeological Survey of India in

2012.

Gingee Fort, Tamil Nadu

● Gingee Fort or Senji Fort is one of the surviving forts in Tamil Nadu,

India.

● It lies in Villupuram District , 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the state

capital, Chennai, and is close to the Union Territory of Puducherry.

● The fort is so fortified, that Chhatrapati Shivaji, the Maratha king,

ranked it as the "most impregnable fortress in India" and it was called

the " Troy of the East " by the British.

Great Living Chola Temples, Tamil Nadu

● The Great Living Chola Temples were built by kings of the Chola Empire, which

stretched over all of south India and the neighbouring islands.

● The site includes three great 11th- and 12th-century Temples: the Brihadisvara

Temple at Thanjavur , the Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram and

the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram . ( In exam if question is asked Where is

Brihadisvara temple? Answer will be Thanjavur )

● Great Living Chola Temples are UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Brihadishvara Temple

● Brihadishvara Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the South

bank of Kaveri river in Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu.

● It is one of the largest South Indian temples and an exemplary example of a fully

realized Dravidian architecture . It is also called Dakshina Meru (Meru of south).

● It was built by Tamil king RajaRaj Chola I between 1003 and 1010 AD.

● The temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Great

Living Chola Temples".

Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram

● Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram is a Hindu temple dedicated to

Shiva in Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Jayankondam, Tamil Nadu.

● Completed in 1035 AD by Rajendra Chola I as a part of his new capital, this

Chola dynasty era temple is similar in design, and has a similar name, as the older

11th century, Brihadeeswarar Temple about 70 kms to the southwest in Thanjavur.

● Though inland, the temple is near the Kollidam River , within the Cauvery River

delta with access to the Bay of Bengal and through it to the Indian Ocean.

● UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 2004

Airavatesvara Temple

● Airavatesvara Temple is a Hindu temple of Dravidian architecture located in

Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu.

● This temple, built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE is a UNESCO

World Heritage Site. The temple is dedicated to Shiva .

● The Airavatesvara Shiva temple has a water tank. This tank has a connected

channel that brings in Cauvery River water where Hindus gather annually to take

a dip.

Group of Monuments, Mahabalipuram (or Mamallapuram), Tamil Nadu

● This group of sanctuaries, founded by the Pallava kings , was carved out of rock

along the Coromandel coast of the Bay of Bengal, about 60 kilometres (37 mi)

south of Chennai in the 7th and 8th centuries.

● The site has 40 ancient monuments and Hindu temples , including one of the

largest open-air rock reliefs in the world: the Descent of the Ganges or Arjuna's Penance.

● Known as the Seven Pagodas in many colonial-era publications, they are also called the Mamallapuram temples or

Mahabalipuram temples in contemporary literature.

● In 1984, the site was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

Moovar Koil, Tamil Nadu

● Moovar Koil or " The Three temples " is a Hindu temple complex situated in the

village of Kodumbalur, 36 kilometres from Pudukkottai in Tamil Nadu.

● Kodumbalur was also the site of a fierce battle between the Pandyas and the

Pallavas.

Chittor Fort, Rajasthan

● The Chittor Fort or Chittorgarh is the largest fort in India. It is a UNESCO World

Heritage Site.

● The fort was the capital of Mewar and is located in the present-day town of

Chittor.

● It sprawls over a hill 180 m (590.6 ft) in height spread over an area of 280 ha

(691.9 acres) above the plains of the valley drained by the Berach River .

● It is said to have been built by the local Maurya ruler Chitrangada Maurya.

Kumbhalgarh Fort, Rajasthan

● Kumbhalgarh (literally " Kumbhal fort ") is a Mewar fortress on the westerly range

of Aravalli Hills , in the Rajsamand district near Udaipur of Rajasthan state in

western India.

● Built during the course of the 15th century by Rana Kumbha.

● He was the ruler of Mewar kingdom of western India. He belonged to the Sisodia

clan of Rajputs.

● It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site included in Hill Forts of Rajasthan.

Hill Forts of Rajasthan consist of:

● Chittor Fort in Chittor

● Kumbhalgarh Fort in Rajsamand

● Ranthambore Fort near Sawai Madhopur

● Gagron Fort in Jhalawar

● Amer Fort in Jaipur

● Jaisalmer Fort in Jaisalmer

Ranthambore Fort, Rajasthan

● Ranthambore Fort lies within the Ranthambore National Park, near the city of Sawai Madhopur , the park being the

former hunting grounds of the Maharajas of Jaipur until the time of India's

Independence.

● The fort was held by the Chahamanas (Chauhans) until the 13th century, when the

Delhi Sultanate captured it.

● It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Gagron Fort, Rajasthan

● Gagron Fort is situated in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan, in the Hadoti region of

India. It is a hill and water fort, one of 12 kinds of Vedic fort architecture known

as JalDurg .

● A mausoleum of Sufi Saint Mitthe Shah just outside the fort is the venue for an

annual colourful fair held during the month of Moharram. The fort is surrounded

from 3 sides by the serene waters of Ahu and also Kali Sindh .

● It is included in UNESCO World Heritage Site list.

Amer Fort, Rajasthan

● Amer Fort or Amber Fort is a fort located in Amer , Rajasthan, India. The fort

overlooks Maota Lake which is the main source of water for the Amer Palace. It

is included in UNESCO World Heritage Site list.

● The settlement at Amer was founded by Raja Alan Singh, a ruler from the Chanda

clan of Meenas in 967 CE.

Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan

● Jaisalmer Fort is situated in the city of Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.

● It is believed to be one of the very few " living forts " in the world (such as

Carcassonne, France), as nearly one fourth of the old city's population still resides

within the fort.

● Legend has it that the fort was built by Rawal Jaisal, a Bhati Rajput, in 1156 CE.

● The fort's massive yellow sandstone walls are a tawny lion colour during the day,

fading to honey-gold as the sun sets, thereby camouflaging the fort in the yellow

desert.

● For this reason it is also known as the Sonar Quila or Golden Fort.

● The fort stands amidst the sandy expanse of the great Thar Desert on Trikuta Hill .

● Included in UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Deeg Palace, Rajasthan

● Deeg Palace is a palace 32 km from Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India built in 1772 as

a luxurious summer resort for the rulers of Bharatpur State.

● Deeg was the capital of the Jat kings before they shifted to Bharatpur. Badan

Singh, who came to the throne in 1721, built a palace here.

● Due to its strategic location and proximity to Agra, Deeg had to face repeated

attacks by invaders.

● His son, prince Suraj Mal , began the construction of a fortress around the palace around 1730. The fort had massive

walls and a deep moat to keep away raiders.

● Two huge water tanks, Gopal Sagar and Rup Sagar, on either side also helped to bring down the temperature.


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