India and its Neighbours by Dr. Gaurav Garg
✓ Country - India
✓ Number of Neighbouring Countries - 9
✓ Length of Land Border - 15,106 km
✓ Coastline - 7,516 km
✓ Longest Border - Bangladesh
✓ Shortest Border - Afghanistan
India & Bangladesh
● Bangladesh shares border with India with these states - West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Assam.
● Bangladesh and India share the fifth-longest land border in the world. [ longest land border is shared by USA and
Canada ]
● Border Length
✓ West Bengal - 2,217 km (longest)
✓ Tripura - 856 km
✓ Meghalaya - 443 km
✓ Mizoram - 318 km
✓ Assam - 263 km
● Official Language - Bengali
● National Flower - Water Lily
● Currency - Bangladeshi Taka
● National Bird - Oriental Magpie-Robin
● National Fruit - Jackfruit (Kathal)
● National Fish - Hilsa ( Bangladesh is a major exporter of Hilsa fish )
● National Sport - Kabaddi
● National Tree - Mango Tree
● National animal - Royal Bengal tiger
● Anthem: "Amar Sonar Bangla" (Bengali) - My Golden Bengal
[ Rabindranath Tagore has written the National Anthem of two Countries
- India (Jana Gana Mana) and Bangladesh (Amar Sonar Bangla) ]
● National Poet - Kazi Nazrul Islam
● Father of the nation - Sheikh Mujibur Rehman (Bangabandhu meaning
‘ friend of bangladesh ’).
● In 2020, the 100th birth anniversary of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman was celebrated.
● The Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna
Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal to the Baleswar River in
Bangladesh. Royal Bengal Tiger are found in Sundarbans. Sundarban name is derived from Sundari trees.
● Bangladesh Flag - Red disk symbolizes the struggle for freedom, and the green field is representative of the fertile land.
● Bangladesh logo - It comprises of Water lily, Rice and Jute.
● The Maitree Express or Moitree Express is the
name of the first modern international passenger
train service connecting Bangladesh to the Indian
state of West Bengal. Kolkata to Dhaka.
● The Bandhan Express is an international passenger
train which runs between the Indian city of Kolkata
and the Bangladeshi city of Khulna . It is the 2nd
modern train link between the Indian state of West
Bengal and Bangladesh.
● India-Bangladesh border is porous (not complete
fencing on border). Border is controlled by Border
Post, Fencing, flood lights. Also Many places where
the border is controlled using CIBMS
(Comprehensive Integrated Border Management
System) for e.g. CIBMS Project at Dhubri (Assam).
Rivers at India – Bangladesh border
Teesta
● It is an important trans-boundary river between both
India and Bangladesh.
● It is a major tributary to Jamuna (Brahmaputra).
● Both of the countries, especially the states of Sikkim
and northern parts of West Bengal in India and North Eastern part of Rangpur depend on the water of Teesta.
● The sharing of the water of Teesta is also a lingering water diplomacy issue between India and Bangladesh.
Feni river
● This river forms part of the India-Bangladesh border, originates in the South Tripura district, passes through Sabroom
town on the Indian side, and meets the Bay of Bengal after it flows into Bangladesh.
Muhuri
● It is a transnational river between India and Bangladesh. Rising in Tripura, it flows into Bangladesh where it merges
with the Feni near the latter's mouth to the Bay of Bengal. The Muhuri is also known as the Little Feni.
Other Rivers - Manu, Khowai, Gumti, Dharla, Dudhkumar, Mathabhanga River.
Recently, Sonamura-Daudkandi inland waterway route over river Gumati between India and Bangladesh was
operationalised. Daudkandi is in Bangladesh, while Sonamura is in Tripura, India.
8 Divisions of Bangladesh
The Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet, and Chittagong are situated along the border.
India & Nepal
● Border with India with these states - West Bengal,
Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Uttarakhand.
● Border Length
✓ Bihar - 726 km (longest)
✓ Uttar Pradesh - 551 km
✓ Uttarakhand - 275 km
✓ West Bengal - 100 km
✓ Sikkim - 99 km
● There are 7 provinces in Nepal - Province 1,
Province 2, Bagmati, Gandaki, Lumbini, Karnali,
Sudurpaschim.
● Kathmandu is in Bagmati Province.
● Lord Buddha was born in Kapilavastu (Lumbini).
● Union Government has approved Kosi-Mechi
Interlinking project for interlinking of Kosi and
Mechi rivers of Bihar.
● In Nepal, Mount Everest is known as Sagarmatha,
meaning ‘Goddess of the Sky’.
● National Flower - Rhododendron
● National Bird - Himalayan Monal
● National Tree - Sacred fig, Ficus religiosa (Peepal
Tree)
● National animal - Cow
● Longest River - Karnali (Ghagra)
● National Sport - Volleyball
● Nepal Flag - The blue border symbolizes peace, while red is the color of the rhododendron,
Nepal's official flower.The crescent moon is said to represent the royal house, while the sun
represents the Rana family.
● Nepal Symbol - It is composed of a garland of rhododendrons encompassing Mount Everest
and the hands of a male and female (to symbolize gender equality). The red scroll making up
the base reads: "The mother and the motherland are greater than heaven," in Sanskrit.
● The phrase:
“अिप
India & Pakistan
● Border Length
✓ Ladakh + J&K - 1222 km
✓ Rajasthan - 1170 km
✓ Gujarat - 506 km
✓ Punjab - 425 km
✓ Previously Pakistan shared second longest border with Rajasthan, But now Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir are
separated. So Pakistan share longest border with Rajasthan.
● Provinces of Pakistan :-
✓ Balochistan (Quetta)
✓ Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Peshawar)
✓ Punjab (Lahore)
✓ Sindh (Karachi)
✓ Disputed Area - POK (capital -
Muzaffarabad)
● Sir Creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates
Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in
Pak i stan .
● The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcation
line between the Indian and Pakistani portions of the
Punjab and Bengal provinces of British India. It was
named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe.
0 Comments