East Flowing Peninsular Rivers (Draining in Bay of Bengal)
● Mahanadi River
● Godavari River
● Krishna River
● Kaveri (Cauvery) River
● Pennar River
● Subarnarekha River
● Brahamani River
● Baitarani River
● Sarada River
● Ponnaiyar River
● Vaigai River
** A river basin is the part of land through which a main river and all its tributaries flows.
Mahanadi River
● The Mahanadi basin extends over states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha
and comparatively smaller portions of Jharkhand, Maharashtra and
Madhya Pradesh draining an area of 1.4 lakh Sq.km.
● Total course - 900 km.
● [A river delta is a landform created by deposition of sediment that is
carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters
slower-moving or stagnant water. This occurs where a river enters an
ocean, sea or reservoir. Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri, all
form deltas.]
● Source - River Mahanadi originates from Sihawa Mountain in
Dhamtari District of Chhattisgarh.
● The major part of basin is covered with agricultural land accounting
to 54.27% of the total area.
● The total length of river from its origin to the confluence of Bay of
Bengal is about 851 Km, of which, 357 Km lies in Chhattisgarh and
balance 494 Km in Odisha.
● After receiving the Seonath River (Shivnath), it turns east and enters
Odisha state.
● Seonath - The Seonath is the longest tributary of Mahanadi, its
length is 290 Kms.
● At Sambalpur, the Hirakud Dam (one of the largest dams in India) on
the river has formed a man-made lake 35 miles (55 km) long. It
enters the Odisha plains near Cuttack and enters the Bay of Bengal
by forming a delta.
● Other small streams between the Mahanadi and the Rushikulya
draining directly into the Chilka Lake also forms part of the basin.
● Its main tributaries are
✓ The Seonath (left bank)
✓ The Jonk (right bank)
✓ The Hasdeo (left bank)
✓ The Mand (left bank)
✓ The IB (left bank)
✓ The Ong (right bank)
✓ The Tel (right bank)
● Major projects
✓ Hirakud Dam
✓ Dudhawa Dam is located in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh.
✓ Gangrel Dam (Ravishankar Sagar), located in Dhamtari district,Chhattisgarh. It is a key water supplier of Bhilai
Steel Plant.
✓ Sondur Dam on Sondur River in Dhamtari district, Sondur is a tributary of Mahanadi.
✓ Hasdeo Bango Dam is a dam across the Hasdeo river in Chhattisgarh, India.
✓ Tandula Dam on Tandula river which is a tributary of Seonath river.
● Satkosia Tiger Reserve (Odisha) was designated in 2007, and comprises the Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary and the
adjacent Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary. This Gorge is made by the Mahanadi River.
● The Mahanadi basin is rich in mineral resources.
● It therefore has a favorable industrial climate.
● The Important industries presently existing in the basin are the Iron and Steel plant at Bhilai, aluminium factories at
Hirakud and Korba, paper mill near Cuttack and cement factory at Sundargarh.
Godavari River
● The Godavari is the largest river system of the Peninsular India and
is revered as Dakshina Ganga.
● The Godavari is India's second longest river after the Ganga. Longest
river of South India.
● Source - Godavari rises in the Sahyadris Brahmagiri Mountains near
Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
● Measuring more than 3 Lakh Km 2 it forms one of the largest river
basins in the Indian subcontinent.
● The catchment area of the river is spread in the states of Maharashtra
(48.6%), Telangana + Andhra Pradesh (23.4%), Madhya Pradesh
(10.0%), Chattisgarh (10.9%), Orissa (5.7%) and Karnataka (1.4%).
● The total length of Godavari from its origin to outfall into the Bay of
Bengal is 1,465 km out of which the length in Maharashtra is 694
Km.
● Important Tributaries of Godavari
✓ Left bank tributaries - Purna, Pranhita, Indravati and Sabari
River.
✓ Right bank tributaries - Pravara, Manjira, Manair, Kinnersani.
✓ Pranhita is the largest tributary covering about 34% of its
drainage basin. Wardha and Wainganga river merge and forms
Pranhita river.
✓ Indravati is the 2 nd largest tributary, known as the "lifeline" of
the Kalahandi, Nabarangapur of Odisha & Bastar district of
Chhattisgarh. (Indravati National Park, Chitrakoot Waterfall -
Indravati river)
✓ Manjira is the longest tributary and holds the Nizam Sagar
reservoir.
✓ Singur Dam in Telangana is also on the Manjira River and it
is a major source of drinking water for Hyderabad.
✓ Purna is a prime river in the water scarce Marathwada region
of Maharashtra.
● Cities on the bank of Godavari - Nashik, Nanded, Rajamundhry,
Ramagundam, Bhadrachalam.
● Before falling into the Bay of Bengal, Godavari river is divided into
West Godavari and East Godavari.
0 Comments