Characteristics of Aves :-
● Birds are warm-blooded animals. (the temperature of the body does not change with the surrounding).
● Their forelimbs are modified into wings.
● The hind limbs are adapted for walking, perching, and swimming.
● There is no skin gland except the oil gland (also known as Sebaceous gland), Aves are always uricotelic
(uric acid).
● The upper and lower jaws are modified into a beak. They have no teeth.
● The endoskeleton is bony with long hollow bones filled with air cavities (Pneumatic bones), this actually
helps them in flying.
● The voice is produced by a special organ, the syrinx (in humans voice is produced by larynx). They are
Oviparous, this means they give eggs to produce young ones. (Humans are viviparous).
● The heart is four-chambered. The RBCs are nucleated, oval, and biconvex (Humans also have a
four-chambered heart).
Some Facts :-
● Flightless birds – Cassowary (mainly found in Australia), Ostrich, Emu, Dodo, Kiwi (mainly found in New
Zealand).
● Central Avian Research Institute → Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
● Dr. Salim Ali is known as "Birdman of India"
● Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology (study of birds) and Natural Sciences (SACON) is in Coimbatore.
● In 2019, National Centre for Avian Ecotoxicology opened at Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural
Sciences in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu).
● World Migratory Bird Day – 2 nd Saturday of May and October.
● World Migratory Day 2020 will be celebrated on 9th May with the theme " Birds Connect Our World ".
● World Sparrow Day is celebrated on 20 March every year. It was started by Nature Forever Society (NGO,
Maharashtra).
● Bats are mammals, not birds.
BIRD SANCTUARIES IN INDIA :-
Andhra Pradesh :-
● Rollapadu Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary (It
was made only to save the Great Indian
Bustard in the state).
● Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary.
● Kolleru Bird Sanctuary (Kolleru is also a
Ramsar Site).
● Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary.
Assam :-
● Bordoibam - Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary.
● Pani - Dihing Bird Sanctuary.
Bihar :-
● Saraiya Man Bird Sanctuary.
● Kusheshwar Asthan Bird Sanctuary.
● Bareli Jheel Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary.
Delhi :-
● Okhla Bird Sanctuary.
Goa :-
● Chorao Island (Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary).
If a question is asked in an exam regarding
Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary then always mark
Goa, many other states added the name of
Salim Ali due to his large contribution.
Gujarat :-
● Naliya Grassland (Lala Bustard Wildlife
Sanctuary).
● Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary.
● Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, Ahmedabad (it is
also a Ramsar Site).
● Porbandar Bird Sanctuary.
● Khijadia Lake & Bird Sanctuary.
● Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary (includes
Flamingo City).
Haryana :-
● Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary.
● Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary.
Himachal Pradesh :-
● Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary (declared
as a Bird Sanctuary in 1983).
● Kais Wildlife Sanctuary.
● Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary.
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